• AP Bio Homework Chapter 5
• AP Bio Homework Chapter 5 (Solomon, et. al.)
• This is two assignments; turn all of them in together when the second one is finished.
• First day (pp. 45-60):
• 1. State the empirical formula for carbohydrate. Explain what such a formula means.
• 2. To what do the terms monosnccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide refer? What do all three have in common?
• 3. Write the straight chain and ring structural formulas for alpha glucose and number the carbons.
• 4. Explain what is meant by condensation synthesis. What is the opposite process called? How are both important to most biological molecules?
• 5. List the important differences between amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen. Where would each be found?
• 6. Compare the primary structure of amylose with that of cellulose. How do they differ in their secondary structure (glycosidic linkages)? How does the difference affect the use of each carbohydrate as a food?
• 7. What is it that makes cellulose strong? How is its strength further increased in plant fibers?
• 8. What is the role of chitin and how is it different from other carbohydrates?
• 9. List the essential parts of a triglyceride. Through what enzymatic process are triglycerides joined? What makes one triglyceride differ from the next? What type of linkage is present in a triglyceride? Where is this linkage? Which end of the triglyceride is more hydrophobic?
• 10. Distinguish between an oil and a fat and between a saturated fat, an unsaturated fat, and a polyunsaturated fat. Are unsaturated fats more common in animal tissue? Explain.
• 11. Describe the general structure of phospholipids, and explain their arrangement into membranes. By a diagram of a phospholipid bilayer, indicate the hydrophobic and hydrophillic regions.
• 12. List the special uses of steroids. How do steroids differ structurally from other lipids?
• Second Day (pp. 60 - 70)
• 13. What are six significant uses for protein?
• 14. Carefully define the term protein. How is a protein different from a polypeptide?
• 15. What do all amino acids have in common? How do they differ?
• 16. What are the three types of amino acids ? Give an example of each type.
• 17. Describe the four levels of organization possible in a protein, and explain what forces are involved at each level. What must a protein have in order to have a quartenary structure?
• 18. How do collagen and hemoglobin differ in reference to size, shape and function?
• 19. What is the process which links two amino acids together? Describe the reaction.
• 20. What is denaturation? How or when may it occur? What does a protein lose when it becomes denatured?
• 21. Identify, with a drawing, the three types of monomers found in a nucleotide.
• 22. Name which nitrogenous bases are purines. Pyrimidines?
• 23. How are purines and pyrimidines linked in a double helix? Which ones attach to which?
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