Review for Biochemistry Test, Chapter 2 and 3

SPONCH

know atomic mass and number of COHN

isotopes (p27)

how do you find the valence of an atom? (p 28)

be able to find emperical formula of a molecule knowing only the names of the atoms present

what is a mole?

how do you make a molar solution?

polar covalent bonds

nonpolar covalent bonds

ionic bonds

be able to tell if a molecule (or group) is polar, nonpolar or ionic

cations +, anions -

hydrogen bonds (p 34)

water - hydrophillic and hydrophobic

hydration

specific heat of water

greatest density of water

heat of vaporization

proton donors and acceptors (acids & bases) (p 38)

pH scale - relationship between H and OH concentration (p 39)

buffers

carbon's chemical properties

organic molecules

isomers

hydrophobic interactions (p47)

functional groups (p47-48)

carbohydrates - monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, aldose, ketose. Be able to recognize.

What type is: glucose, dextrose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, amylose, amylopectin, cellulose, chitin, glycogen.

What is name & structure of cho linkage?

Lipids

triglycerides, glycerol, fatty acids. Be able to recognize.

unsaturated & saturated fats (p 56)

ester linkage

phospholipids

proteins

amino acids - alpha carbon, amine group, carboxyl group

know 3 types of side chains - be able to recognize each type (p60-61)

know peptide bonds

know 4 levels of protein structure

denaturation

Nucleic acids

nucleotide

purines and pyrimadines: A bonded to T and C bonded to G

N bases are H bonded to each other in DNA

DNA code is made of 3-letter words called codons