1. First clear out some space in the calculator’s data table:
a. Turn the calculator ON. Hit the STAT key, then
ENTER. A data table appears on the screen.
There are six columns, labeled L1, L2, ... L6. (The
letter "L" stands for "List".)
b. Notice that you can move the cursor around in
the data table by using the four arrow keys.
c. To erase old data from a column, move the cursor
to the column header, such as L1.
Then hit CLEAR, and ENTER. If necessary, do that
for each of the six columns.
2. Let’s put some data into the table:
a. To avoid confusion later, it’s a good idea to
write the full column headings on paper first.
For example, you might write something like this:
L1 = Force (in newtons)
and L2 = Acceleration (in m/s2)
(Notice that the controlled variable goes in the
L1 column, and the dependent variable goes in L2.)
b. Move the cursor to the space just below "L1".
L1 L2
c. Type the first force value and hit ENTER. 2.5
0.71
d. Enter the rest of the forces in similar fashion.
5.0 1.43
e. Put the accelerations into the second column
in similar fashion, 7.5 2.09 so that the data table looks like the one
at the
right, but with different
10.0 2.45 numbers and more rows filled in.
3. Let’s see if there is any pattern in your set of data. The TI-82
can make graphs of three sets of data simultaneously, called
PLOT 1, PLOT 2, and PLOT 3. For now we just want
one graph on the screen, so we’ll switch all three off and then
switch on PLOT 1 by following these steps:
a. Hit the blue 2ND button, and then the Y= button
right above it to make the "STATPLOT" menu appear.
b. Enter the numeral 4 to switch all plots off.
Then hit ENTER. If you see a bunch of stuff on the screen then use the
CLEAR button to make it
go away.
c. Repeat the steps in 3a to bring back the "statplot"
menu. Choice number 1 is already highlighted so you can just hit
ENTER to get into the Plot
1 menu. Hit ENTER again to turn plot 1 on.
d. Use the down-arrow key to move the cursor to
the next line, where you can choose the type of graph that you want. The
first choice just gives
you data points, the second gives you data points with a zig-zag line connecting
them. Use the arrow
key to put the cursor on
the first choice and hit ENTER.
e. Move the cursor down to the "X-list" line. Since
we want a graph of acceleration vs force, we want the "x-axis" of our
graph to be "L1", as in
2a. Move the cursor to that choice and hit ENTER.
f. Move the cursor down to the "Y-list" line and
select "L2". Hit ENTER again.
4. The TI-82 can also be used to display graphs
of equations. To see if the calculator now contains any equations waiting
to
be graphed, hit the "Y=" key. If you see any equations,
DELETE them.
5. Now you are ready to see a graph of the data which we left in the
data table:
If you hit the GRAPH key, you will see a graph of
your data with a poor choice of scale.
a. To choose scales so that the graph is not squashed
and doesn’t go beyond the edges of the screen, hit the ZOOM key in
the top row, select choice
9 for automatic scaling, and then hit ENTER.
b. Unfortunately, that cuts off the origin. To remedy
that, hit WINDOW.
c. Move down to XMIN, hit 0, and then ENTER. Do
the same for YMIN. Then hit GRAPH.
6. Guess an equation that might fit the data and enter it into the
Y= screen. (For example, try Y = X.) Then hit GRAPH to see
how well it fits. You will need to adjust the proportionality
constant in your equation to make the line go close to the data
points. (For example, try Y = 0.3*X, and notice
what that does to the slope of the line.) Keep trying until you have two
equations that give two lines from the origin with
slightly different slopes, both fitting the data as well as you could hope
for.
Then you can write your conclusion with the proportionality
constant expressed in range form.